This section discusses the structure and function of the cornea and external eye and reviews relevant examination techniques. // Includes the latest statistics on indications for corneal transplants from the Eye Bank Association of America. Covers infectious and ocular surface diseases; disorders and surgery of the ocular surface; immune-mediated and neoplastic disorders; and congenital anomalies and degenerations. A chapter on the genetics of corneal dystrophies reflects the IC3D classification. Toxic and traumatic injuries and corneal transplantation are also reviewed. // Eleven original narrated technical videos demonstrating select surgical techniques, including animations will aid your understanding. Access the videos via QR codes. // Upon completion of Section 8, readers should be able to: *Describe the anatomy and molecular biology of the cornea; *Recognize the distinctive signs of specific diseases of the ocular surface and cornea; *Outline the steps in an ocular examination for corneal or external eye disease and choose the appropriate laboratory and other diagnostic tests; *Assess the indications and techniques of surgical procedures for managing corneal disease, trauma, and refractive error. // Last major revision: 2017 2018 // About the BCSC: The Academy's Basic and Clinical Science CourseTM is ophthalmology s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care. Stay current with the ophthalmic reference that is vetted by 100+ ophthalmologists every year. // Each of the 13 volumes includes up-to-date clinical knowledge, concise information and tables, self-assessment questions with answers, photos and illustrations and opportunities for earning AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. // Beginning with the 2013-2014 edition, the Academy and the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) have partnered to make the BCSC the standard text for all European ophthalmology training programs. The EBO now recommends the BCSC as the primary educational resource for European trainees and ophthalmologists studying for the annual EBO Diploma Exam. // CME Information: The American Academy of Ophthalmology is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. // The American Academy of Ophthalmology designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.