Covers the science of refractive surgery, accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia and patient evaluation. Examines specific procedures in refractive surgery and their potential complications, and refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease. Includes information on lens implants used in the United States and other countries. // Includes eight original videos demonstrating refractive surgical techniques, including the FDA-approved SMILE procedure. Access the videos via QR codes. // Upon completion of Section 13, readers should be able to: *Identify the general types of lasers used in refractive surgeries; *Explain the steps including medical and social history, ocular examination and ancillary testing in evaluating whether a patient is an appropriate candidate for refractive surgery; *For incisional keratorefractive surgery, describe the history, patient selection, surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications; *Explain recent developments in the application of wavefront technology to surface ablation and LASIK; *Describe the different types of IOLs used for refractive correction. // Last major revision: 2017-2018 // About the BCSC: The Academy's Basic and Clinical Science CourseTM is ophthalmology s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care. Stay current with the ophthalmic reference that is vetted by 100+ ophthalmologists every year. // Each of the 13 volumes includes up-to-date clinical knowledge, concise information and tables, self-assessment questions with answers, photos and illustrations and opportunities for earning AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. // Beginning with the 2013 2014 edition, the Academy and the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) have partnered to make the BCSC the standard text for all European ophthalmology training programs. The EBO now recommends the BCSC as the primary educational resource for European trainees and ophthalmologists studying for the annual EBO Diploma Exam.// CME Information: The American Academy of Ophthalmology is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. // The American Academy of Ophthalmology designates this enduring material for a maximum of 10 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.